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MySQL表中的连接方式其实非常简单,这里就简单的罗列出他们的特点。

表的连接(JOIN)可以分为内连接(JOIN/INNER JOIN)和外连接(LEFT JOIN/RIGHT JOIN)。

首先我们看一下我们本次演示的两个表:

mysql> SELECT * FROM student;
+------+----------+------+------+
| s_id | s_name  | age | c_id |
+------+----------+------+------+
|  1 | xiaoming |  13 |  1 |
|  2 | xiaohong |  41 |  4 |
|  3 | xiaoxia |  22 |  3 |
|  4 | xiaogang |  32 |  1 |
|  5 | xiaoli  |  41 |  2 |
|  6 | wangwu  |  13 |  2 |
|  7 | lisi   |  22 |  3 |
|  8 | zhangsan |  11 |  9 |
+------+----------+------+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM class;
+------+---------+-------+
| c_id | c_name | count |
+------+---------+-------+
|  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
|  4 | HISTORY |  30 |
|  5 | BIOLOGY |  40 |
+------+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

首先,表要能连接的前提就是两个表中有相同的可以比较的列。

1.内连接

mysql> SELECT * FROM student INNER JOIN class ON student.c_id = class.c_id;
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
| s_id | s_name  | age | c_id | c_id | c_name | count |
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
|  1 | xiaoming |  13 |  1 |  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  2 | xiaohong |  41 |  4 |  4 | HISTORY |  30 |
|  3 | xiaoxia |  22 |  3 |  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
|  4 | xiaogang |  32 |  1 |  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  5 | xiaoli  |  41 |  2 |  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  6 | wangwu  |  13 |  2 |  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  7 | lisi   |  22 |  3 |  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

简单的讲,内连接就是把两个表中符合条件的行的所有数据一起展示出来,即如果不符合条件,即在表A中找得到但是在B中没有(或者相反)的数据不予以显示。

2.外连接

mysql> SELECT * FROM student LEFT JOIN class ON student.c_id = class.c_id;
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
| s_id | s_name  | age | c_id | c_id | c_name | count |
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
|  1 | xiaoming |  13 |  1 |  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  2 | xiaohong |  41 |  4 |  4 | HISTORY |  30 |
|  3 | xiaoxia |  22 |  3 |  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
|  4 | xiaogang |  32 |  1 |  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  5 | xiaoli  |  41 |  2 |  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  6 | wangwu  |  13 |  2 |  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  7 | lisi   |  22 |  3 |  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
|  8 | zhangsan |  11 |  9 | NULL | NULL  | NULL |
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT * FROM student RIGHT JOIN class ON student.c_id = class.c_id;
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
| s_id | s_name  | age | c_id | c_id | c_name | count |
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
|  1 | xiaoming |  13 |  1 |  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  4 | xiaogang |  32 |  1 |  1 | MATH  |  65 |
|  5 | xiaoli  |  41 |  2 |  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  6 | wangwu  |  13 |  2 |  2 | CHINESE |  70 |
|  3 | xiaoxia |  22 |  3 |  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
|  7 | lisi   |  22 |  3 |  3 | ENGLISH |  50 |
|  2 | xiaohong |  41 |  4 |  4 | HISTORY |  30 |
| NULL | NULL   | NULL | NULL |  5 | BIOLOGY |  40 |
+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

上面分别展示了外连接的两种情况:左连接和右连接。这两种几乎是一样的,唯一的区别就是左连接的主表是左边的表,右连接的主表是右边的表。而外连接与内连接不同的地方就是它会将主表的所有行都予以显示,而在主表中有,其他表中没有的数据用NULL代替。

总结

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